Overview, origin and history

The Béarnaise is an ancient French cattle breed from the historic region of Béarn. Cows have appeared on the coat of arms of the Viscounty of Béarn for more than 1,200 years, making the breed an important part of the region’s living heritage.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Béarnaise was one of the most numerous cattle breeds in France. However, it came close to extinction as a result of the agricultural policies introduced after the Second World War, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s.

The breed owes its survival to passionate farmers who preserved its original bloodlines and became actively involved in its conservation.

Once an essential companion to Béarn farmers, the Béarnaise still holds a special place in the families who continue to raise it. Although animal traction disappeared with the mechanisation of agriculture, the breed found a new role as an excellent suckler cow. It is particularly well suited to producing milk-fed calves whose meat is pink, tender and full of flavour.

Beef production is also expanding. Béarnaise beef is appreciated for its high quality, marbling and rich flavour.

A small number of farmers have also begun milking their cows again and processing the milk. It is used to make fresh cheeses, lactic-set cheeses and traditional tomme-style cheeses, all noted for their distinctive flavour.

Since 2003, a breeders’ association has coordinated the genetic conservation of the Béarnaise while promoting its products and supporting the breed’s recovery and development.